Penile cancer is a rare type of cancer that occurs on the skin or within the tissues of the penis. Key symptoms can include a growth or sore on the penis, changes in skin color or thickness, and sometimes bleeding or discharge. While the exact cause is unclear, risk factors include smoking and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Treatment often involves surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Maintaining good genital hygiene and discussing HPV vaccinations with a doctor are important preventive steps.