PSA, or Prostate-Specific Antigen, is a blood test primarily used to screen for prostate cancer, a common cancer affecting men. Elevated PSA levels may suggest the need for further evaluation, as early detection can offer more treatment options. Regular discussions with your doctor and a healthy lifestyle support overall prostate health.

🟡 PSA, Prostate Cancer Screening

Screening overview (JAMA)

Screening overview, with video

Trinity Health web profile

Doximity Profile

Kidney stones are hard mineral and salt deposits that form in your kidneys. They can cause intense pain, often in the back or side, and may lead to blood in the urine. Factors like dehydration, diet, and genetics can contribute to their formation. While many stones pass naturally, some may require medical intervention. Staying well-hydrated is key for prevention and management.

▷ Kidney stones

After kidney stone surgery, it's common to experience some discomfort and pass small stone fragments. Staying hydrated and following your doctor's advice, especially regarding diet, helps prevent new stones. Watch for signs of infection like fever or severe pain, and report them. Full recovery is typical, but lifestyle changes are key to long-term kidney health.

▷ Kidney stones: after surgery

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), or enlarged prostate, is a very common, non-cancerous condition where the prostate gland grows with age. This growth can press on the urethra, causing urinary symptoms like frequent urges, a weak stream, or waking up at night to urinate. It's often managed through lifestyle adjustments, medications, or, in some cases, minor procedures to help you feel more comfortable.

BPH, Enlarged Prostate

Pelvic organ prolapse happens when pelvic organs like the bladder or uterus slip from their normal position and bulge into the vagina. This often results from weakened pelvic floor muscles due to childbirth, aging, or strain. Symptoms may include a feeling of pressure or a bulge. Management options involve lifestyle changes (like weight management), pelvic floor exercises, pessaries, or surgery.

Pelvic organ prolapse

Female urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine, often triggered by activities like coughing or sneezing, or a sudden, strong urge to go. It's a common condition, often related to childbirth, menopause, or age. While common, it's manageable; lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercises, and other treatments can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life.

Incontinence, female

A vasectomy is a safe, effective, and permanent form of male birth control. It's a minor surgical procedure that blocks the tubes (vas deferens) that carry sperm, preventing sperm from reaching the semen and thus preventing pregnancy. It's a common choice for men or couples who have completed their family and desire a reliable contraceptive method.

Vasectomy (procedure code 55250 for insurance)

Prostate cancer affects the prostate gland in men, often growing slowly. Early stages typically have no symptoms, but later signs may include urinary changes. Risk factors involve age and family history. Treatments range from monitoring (active surveillance) to surgery, radiation, or hormone therapy, tailored to the individual. A healthy lifestyle can support overall well-being.

🟡 Prostate Cancer

Bladder cancer occurs when abnormal cells form in your bladder's lining. The most common symptom is blood in urine, sometimes with frequent or painful urination. Smoking is a key cause, along with certain chemical exposures. Treatment options often include surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the cancer stage. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, especially quitting smoking, is important for prevention and management.

Bladder cancer

Hydrocele is a common condition where fluid collects around a testicle, causing a painless, soft swelling in the scrotum. It often occurs in newborns or later in life due to injury, infection, or inflammation. While usually harmless and often resolving on its own, larger hydroceles might require medical attention if they cause discomfort or concerns.

Hydrocele

Blood in the urine, or hematuria, means blood is present, either visible (pink/red/brown) or microscopic. While often caused by treatable conditions like infections or kidney stones, it's crucial to see a doctor to identify the underlying cause and determine the best approach. Staying well-hydrated can sometimes help prevent certain contributing factors.

Blood in the urine

Overactive Bladder (OAB) is a common condition causing a sudden, strong urge to urinate, often leading to frequent bathroom trips day and night, and sometimes accidental leakage. This occurs when the bladder muscles contract involuntarily. Lifestyle adjustments like managing fluid intake and diet, along with bladder training and various medications, can effectively help manage symptoms and improve daily life.

Overactive bladder

After prostate cancer surgery, your journey involves recovery and monitoring. Common concerns include temporary urinary changes and erectile dysfunction, which often improve with time and targeted therapies like pelvic floor exercises. Regular follow-up, including PSA tests, is vital for long-term health, and healthy lifestyle choices play a key role in your well-being.

🟡 Prostate Cancer: After Surgery

**Prostate Cancer: Active Surveillance**

Active surveillance for prostate cancer means carefully watching slow-growing, low-risk cancer instead of immediate treatment. Regular tests and biopsies monitor its status, aiming to avoid treatment side effects unless the cancer shows significant changes, prioritizing your quality of life.

🟡 Prostate Cancer: Active Surveillance

Male incontinence is the unintentional leakage of urine, often due to weakened bladder muscles, prostate issues, or nerve damage. It's a common and treatable condition, manageable through lifestyle changes, exercises, medication, or other medical interventions. Discussing symptoms with a healthcare provider can help find effective solutions to improve quality of life.

Incontinence, male

Recurrent UTIs mean experiencing frequent urinary tract infections. Common symptoms include burning with urination, urgency, and frequent urges to go. While often caused by bacteria, managing them typically involves working with a doctor for treatment and discussing preventive steps like good hydration and hygiene to help reduce future occurrences.

Recurrent UTIs

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) is a common condition in post-menopausal women, stemming from lower estrogen, which causes symptoms like vaginal dryness, painful intercourse, and urinary changes. Effective treatments, including lubricants, moisturizers, and specific therapies, can significantly improve comfort and quality of life, with staying well-hydrated also being helpful.

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM)

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is cancer that develops in the lining of the kidney or ureter (the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder). Key symptoms often include blood in the urine. While smoking and certain chemical exposures are common risk factors, treatment typically involves surgery, and lifestyle changes like quitting smoking are crucial.

Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Tract

Interstitial Cystitis (IC), also known as Bladder Pain Syndrome, is a chronic condition causing uncomfortable bladder pressure, pain, and a persistent, urgent need to urinate frequently. While its exact cause is unknown, managing symptoms through lifestyle changes (like diet), medications, and various therapies can significantly improve comfort and quality of life.

Interstitial Cystitis

Peyronie's disease involves the development of fibrous scar tissue (plaque) inside the penis, leading to a noticeable bend, indentation, or shortening, often causing painful erections. It may arise from injury or genetics. Treatment options vary from watchful waiting to medications or surgery, aiming to reduce pain and improve sexual function and quality of life.

Peyronies' disease

Low testosterone (low T) occurs when your body doesn't produce enough of this key male hormone. Symptoms often include fatigue, reduced sex drive, mood changes, and decreased muscle/bone mass. Causes range from aging and health conditions to lifestyle factors; management may involve lifestyle adjustments (like diet and exercise) and, if appropriate, hormone therapy, all discussed with your doctor.

Low testosterone

Nocturia is the medical term for waking up one or more times during the night specifically to urinate. This can be caused by various factors, including fluid intake patterns, medications, and underlying health conditions like bladder issues or diabetes. Managing nocturia often involves lifestyle adjustments, such as timing fluid intake, and addressing any contributing medical conditions with your healthcare provider.

Nocturia

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is when a man has difficulty getting or keeping an erection firm enough for sexual activity. This common condition can be caused by physical factors like diabetes or heart disease, psychological stress, or lifestyle choices. Effective treatments and lifestyle changes, such as healthy diet and exercise, can often help improve ED.

Erectile dysfunction

Kidney cysts are common, fluid-filled sacs that can form in the kidneys. Many are harmless, cause no symptoms, and require no treatment. Others may need monitoring or intervention if they grow large, cause pain, or affect kidney function. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle generally supports kidney health.

Kidney cysts

A kidney mass is an abnormal growth on the kidney; it can be benign (non-cancerous) or kidney cancer, where cells in the kidney grow out of control. Early stages often have no symptoms, but later signs may include blood in urine or persistent back/side pain. Treatment options vary depending on the type and stage, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle is always beneficial for overall well-being.

⬛ Kidney mass / Kidney cancer

Advanced kidney cancer occurs when the disease has spread beyond the kidney. Symptoms may include fatigue, pain, and unexplained weight loss. While specific causes are complex, treatment focuses on managing the disease and improving quality of life, often through targeted therapies or immunotherapy. Lifestyle support is crucial for comfort and well-being.

⬛ Kidney cancer, advanced

After kidney cancer surgery, your body needs time to heal and adjust. Recovery involves managing fatigue and discomfort, with ongoing follow-up appointments and scans crucial to monitor your health. Embracing a healthy lifestyle through balanced nutrition and gentle activity supports your well-being on this journey.

⬛ Kidney Cancer: After Surgery

Cancer is a disease where the body's cells grow abnormally and uncontrollably. Symptoms vary widely depending on the type and location, but common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. While causes are complex, healthy lifestyle choices like diet and exercise can influence risk and overall health.

Cancer basics

Testicular cancer is a treatable cancer that begins in the testicles, often appearing as a painless lump, swelling, or heaviness in the scrotum. While its exact causes are unclear (an undescended testicle is a known risk factor), it's highly curable, especially when caught early. Treatment typically involves surgery, sometimes with chemotherapy or radiation, making self-awareness and regular self-exams important for timely detection.

Testicular cancer

Stoma care is the essential daily management of a surgically created opening (stoma) on the abdomen, typically for waste elimination. It involves meticulous cleaning, proper pouching, and skin protection to prevent irritation and infection. With education and routine, people with stomas can maintain a healthy, active lifestyle.

Stoma Care

Penile cancer is a rare cancer affecting the skin or tissues of the penis. Symptoms can include skin changes, lumps, unhealing sores, or unusual discharge. Risk factors include HPV and certain lifestyle factors; maintaining good hygiene can help. Treatment often involves surgery or radiation, and early detection is key for better outcomes.

Penile cancer

Elena Gimenez

Main

Urologist

Surgery (Urology)

American Board of Urology

Cancer conditions affecting the bladder, the organ storing urine.

Conditions affecting your bladder, kidneys, and how you urinate.

Bladder and Urinary Issues

Diseases where body cells grow abnormally and can spread.

Cancer

Conditions where your body bleeds too easily or can't stop bleeding.

Bleeding Concerns

Problems that stop urine from flowing freely from your kidneys, bladder, or tubes.

Blockages in the Urinary Tract

Prostate problems that affect men's urination and health.

Prostate Conditions

Everyday health, wellness tips, and understanding how to manage your care.

General Health & Patient Education

Kidney Cancer

Cancers that start in the prostate gland, a male reproductive organ.

Prostate Cancer

Conditions affecting your kidneys and the tubes that carry urine.

Kidney & Ureter Conditions

Conditions from hard, stone-like deposits in kidneys and urinary tract.

Kidney Stones

Conditions affecting male organs, fertility, and sexual health.

Men's Reproductive Health

Tests to find what's wrong or to check for health problems.

Screening and Diagnostic Procedures

Infections affecting your urinary tract, bladder, and private areas.

Urinary & Intimate Infections

Health issues impacting women's bodies and well-being, including reproductive health.

Women's Health

Bladder problems preventing normal urine flow, requiring a new way for urine to exit the body.

Urinary Diversion

Health issues treated by operations and care for healing.

Surgical and Post-Surgical Care

Health conditions affecting sex organs, fertility, & sexual well-being.

Sexual and Reproductive Health

Conditions that don't fit into other main groups. A mixed collection of health issues.

Elena Gimenez, MD

🟡 PSA, Prostate Cancer Screening

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