Bladder cancer is a condition where abnormal cells grow in the bladder, leading to potential symptoms like blood in the urine, frequent urination, or pain. A cystectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the bladder to treat this cancer. Recovery may involve lifestyle adjustments, like learning new ways to store and expel urine. Open communication with your healthcare team helps ensure the best care and support.

Bladder Cancer - Cystectomy

NCCN Guidelines for Patients 2025

Urinary diversions after cystectomy

Removal of the bladder (cystectomy)

JAMA - Bladder cancer

BCAN Support Groups

JAMA - Diversion

About Cystectomy

JAMA - Types of Urinary Diversion

Doximity Profile

Allina Health Profile

An adrenal mass is a growth found on one of your small adrenal glands, located above your kidney. Most are benign (non-cancerous) and found by chance, causing no symptoms. However, some may produce excess hormones or, less commonly, be cancerous. A doctor will evaluate it to determine its nature and guide appropriate care, which might include monitoring or removal.

Adrenal Mass

Blood in the urine, or hematuria, means blood is present, either visible (pink/red/brown) or microscopic. While often caused by treatable conditions like infections or kidney stones, it's crucial to see a doctor to identify the underlying cause and determine the best approach. Staying well-hydrated can sometimes help prevent certain contributing factors.

Blood in the urine

Bladder wall thickening occurs when the bladder's muscular wall becomes denser or stiffer, often due to conditions like bladder infections, inflammation, or urinary obstruction (such as from BPH). Symptoms can include frequent urination, discomfort, and difficulty fully emptying the bladder. Staying hydrated, avoiding irritants like caffeine and alcohol, and treating the underlying cause can help manage symptoms.

Bladder Wall Thickening

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) means cancer is found only in the inner lining of the bladder, not spread into its muscle wall. Common signs include blood in urine. Smoking is a major risk factor. Treatment typically involves removing the cancer and often bladder treatments to prevent recurrence, highlighting the importance of lifestyle changes like quitting smoking.

Bladder - Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

A Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) is a procedure to remove growths, often cancerous, from the bladder. Using a thin scope inserted through the urethra, it helps diagnose the type and stage of bladder cancer, which can cause symptoms like blood in urine. TURBT often removes the tumor and is a key initial step in treatment and diagnosis.

Bladder - TURBT Procedure

Bladder cancer occurs when abnormal cells form in your bladder's lining. The most common symptom is blood in urine, sometimes with frequent or painful urination. Smoking is a key cause, along with certain chemical exposures. Treatment options often include surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the cancer stage. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, especially quitting smoking, is important for prevention and management.

Bladder - Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC)

BCG-unresponsive Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), or enlarged prostate, is a very common, non-cancerous condition where the prostate gland grows with age. This growth can press on the urethra, causing urinary symptoms like frequent urges, a weak stream, or waking up at night to urinate. It's often managed through lifestyle adjustments, medications, or, in some cases, minor procedures to help you feel more comfortable.

BPH, Enlarged Prostate

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a very common, non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate in men, often leading to urinary symptoms like frequent need to urinate, difficulty starting urination, or a weak stream. It generally occurs as men age. While not usually a serious health threat, managing BPH may involve lifestyle changes such as reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, and treatments may include lifestyle modifications, medications, or surgery.

BPH General and Medical Treatment

Adult hydronephrosis occurs when one or both kidneys swell due to urine buildup, often caused by a blockage in the urinary tract from conditions like kidney stones, an enlarged prostate, or a tumor. Symptoms can range from flank or back pain to no symptoms at all. Treatment focuses on identifying and resolving the underlying cause to protect kidney health, sometimes involving procedures to relieve the obstruction. Staying well-hydrated can be beneficial.

Hydronephrosis in adults

Localized kidney cancer means abnormal cells are found only within the kidney. Often found early and incidentally (by accident on an imaging study for something unrelated). The patients are usually asymptomatic- becaue the mass is too small to cause anything, and management can be as simple as surveillance.

Small renal masses, partial nephrectomy

Kidney cancer, radical nephrectomy

Kidney stones are hard deposits that form in your kidneys, often causing severe back or side pain and sometimes blood in the urine. They can be linked to dehydration or diet. While painful, many pass with increased fluids, or medical procedures may be needed for larger stones. Staying well-hydrated is crucial for prevention.

Kidney stones

Advanced kidney cancer means the disease has spread from its original site in the kidney to other parts of the body. Symptoms may include fatigue, pain, or unexpected weight loss. Management focuses on slowing disease progression with treatments like targeted therapy or immunotherapy, and prioritizing your overall well-being.

Kidney cancer, advanced

Kidney cysts are common, fluid-filled sacs that can form in the kidneys. Many are harmless, cause no symptoms, and require no treatment. Others may need monitoring or intervention if they grow large, cause pain, or affect kidney function. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle generally supports kidney health.

Kidney cysts

Penile cancer is a rare cancer affecting the skin or tissues of the penis. Symptoms can include skin changes, lumps, unhealing sores, or unusual discharge. Risk factors include HPV and certain lifestyle factors; maintaining good hygiene can help. Treatment often involves surgery or radiation, and early detection is key for better outcomes.

Penile cancer

The PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) test is a blood test commonly used to screen for prostate cancer. While higher PSA levels can suggest prostate cancer, they can also be due to other prostate problems. It's vital to discuss with your doctor if screening is right for you, considering your age, health, and family history, to understand potential benefits and risks.

PSA, Prostate Cancer Screening

Prostate biopsy overview and instructions

Prostate - Biopsy

Prostate cancer is a disease where cells in the prostate gland grow uncontrollably. In its early stages, doctors may recommend "active surveillance," especially if the cancer is slow-growing. This approach involves regular check-ups like PSA tests and biopsies to monitor the cancer without immediate treatment. It's important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and exercise, which can support overall well-being during this period.

Prostate Cancer - Active Surveillance

Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men, affecting the walnut-sized prostate gland. Early stages often have no symptoms, though risk increases with age and family history. Treatment options vary, from active surveillance to surgery or radiation. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can be beneficial.

Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is a disease where cells in the prostate gland grow uncontrollably. After a diagnosis, it’s important to discuss your specific condition with your doctor to understand your options. Common symptoms may include difficulty urinating and pelvic discomfort. Treatment could involve monitoring or therapies like surgery or radiation, depending on the stage. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can support overall well-being.

Prostate Cancer - After Your Diagnosis

Prostate cancer is a condition where cancer cells form in the tissues of the prostate, a small gland in men that helps produce semen. Surgery may be recommended to remove part or all of the prostate gland to treat the cancer. Recovery includes managing side effects like urinary incontinence and sexual health, and adopting a healthy lifestyle with balanced nutrition and regular exercise can support overall well-being during recovery.

Prostate Cancer - Prostate Surgery

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland, a small organ in men. Symptoms often include pelvic pain, discomfort with urination, and urinary urgency. It can result from bacterial infections or other non-infectious causes. Treatment may involve medication, and lifestyle adjustments like adequate hydration and avoiding irritants can help manage symptoms. It's a common and often treatable condition.

Prostatitis

Testicular cancer is a treatable cancer that begins in the testicles, often appearing as a painless lump, swelling, or heaviness in the scrotum. While its exact causes are unclear (an undescended testicle is a known risk factor), it's highly curable, especially when caught early. Treatment typically involves surgery, sometimes with chemotherapy or radiation, making self-awareness and regular self-exams important for timely detection.

Testicular cancer

Low testosterone (low T) occurs when your body doesn't produce enough of this key male hormone. Symptoms often include fatigue, reduced sex drive, mood changes, and decreased muscle/bone mass. Causes range from aging and health conditions to lifestyle factors; management may involve lifestyle adjustments (like diet and exercise) and, if appropriate, hormone therapy, all discussed with your doctor.

Low testosterone

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is cancer that develops in the lining of the kidney or ureter (the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder). Key symptoms often include blood in the urine. While smoking and certain chemical exposures are common risk factors, treatment typically involves surgery, and lifestyle changes like quitting smoking are crucial.

Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Tract

Sari Khaleel

Sari Khaleel - Alllina Health Cancer Center

Urologic Oncology

Surgery (Urology)

Diseases where body cells grow abnormally and can spread.

Cancer

Problems with glands on your kidneys that make hormones for stress, energy, and blood pressure.

Adrenal conditions

Cancer conditions affecting the bladder, the organ storing urine.

Bladder cancer

Conditions affecting your bladder, kidneys, and how you urinate.

Bladder and Urinary Issues

Conditions where your body bleeds too easily or can't stop bleeding.

Bleeding Concerns

Problems that stop urine from flowing freely from your kidneys, bladder, or tubes.

Blockages in the Urinary Tract

Prostate problems that affect men's urination and health.

Prostate Conditions

Conditions affecting your kidneys and the tubes that carry urine.

Kidney & Ureter Conditions

Kidney Cancer

Conditions from hard, stone-like deposits in kidneys and urinary tract.

Kidney Stones

Conditions affecting male organs, fertility, and sexual health.

Men's Reproductive Health

Cancers that start in the prostate gland, a male reproductive organ.

Infections affecting your urinary tract, bladder, and private areas.

Urinary & Intimate Infections

Tests to find what's wrong or to check for health problems.

Screening and Diagnostic Procedures

Conditions that don't fit into other main groups. A mixed collection of health issues.

Other

Medical procedures are planned steps healthcare professionals take to diagnose, treat, or manage various health conditions. These can include diagnostic tests like imaging, therapeutic interventions, or surgical operations, all aimed at improving your health.

Sari Khaleel, MD

Bladder Cancer - Cystectomy

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