Scrotal conditions involve various issues affecting the scrotum, the protective sac containing the testicles, leading to symptoms like pain, swelling, or lumps. These can stem from infections, injuries, or fluid accumulation. While some may resolve with observation or medication, others might require surgery; prompt medical evaluation is always recommended for proper care.

Scrotal conditions

Testicular mass overview (JAMA)

Hydrocele diagnosis

Hydrocele causes

Hydrocele needle aspiration

Hydrocele surgery

Hydrocele statistics

Spermatoceles and Hydroceles

Scrotal masses, an overview

Epididymitis and orchitis

Clinic Information

Interstitial Cystitis (IC), also known as Bladder Pain Syndrome, is a chronic condition causing discomfort, pressure, or pain in the bladder area, often with frequent and urgent urination. While its exact cause is complex and not fully understood, it involves issues with the bladder lining or nerves. Management aims to relieve symptoms through diet, lifestyle adjustments, and various therapies, helping to improve daily life.

Interstitial Cystitis

A urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body. This can cause symptoms like a weak urine stream, difficulty emptying your bladder, or pain. It often results from injury, inflammation, or infection. Thankfully, it's a treatable condition to restore normal urine flow.

Urethral stricture

Lichen Sclerosus (BXO) is a chronic, non-contagious skin condition, most often affecting genital or anal areas, but can occur elsewhere. It causes itching, pain, and white, thinned patches of skin. While its exact cause is unknown, it's thought to be autoimmune. Management typically involves topical medications to control symptoms and requires regular monitoring. Gentle hygiene is important.

Lichen Sclerosus (BXO)

Male incontinence is the unintentional leakage of urine, often due to weakened bladder muscles, prostate issues, or nerve damage. It's a common and treatable condition, manageable through lifestyle changes, exercises, medication, or other medical interventions. Discussing symptoms with a healthcare provider can help find effective solutions to improve quality of life.

Incontinence, male

Ureteral strictures are narrowings in the tubes (ureters) from your kidneys to your bladder, which can block urine flow. This may cause pain, infections, or affect kidney function, often due to injury or previous surgery. Upper tract reconstruction is surgery to repair the ureter, aiming to restore normal flow and protect kidney health.

Ureteral Strictures and Upper Tract Reconstruction

UPJ Obstruction is a blockage where your kidney connects to the ureter, the tube that carries urine to the bladder. This can cause urine to back up, leading to symptoms like side pain, nausea, or infection. It can be present from birth or develop later, and treatments are available to ensure proper kidney drainage and health.

UPJ obstruction

Peyronie's disease involves the development of fibrous scar tissue (plaque) inside the penis, leading to a noticeable bend, indentation, or shortening, often causing painful erections. It may arise from injury or genetics. Treatment options vary from watchful waiting to medications or surgery, aiming to reduce pain and improve sexual function and quality of life.

Peyronies' disease

Vasectomy is a highly effective, permanent form of male birth control. It's a minor surgical procedure that prevents sperm from reaching the semen, thus preventing pregnancy. This procedure does not affect sex drive, hormone levels, or ejaculation volume, offering couples peace of mind about family planning.

Vasectomy

A ureteral stent is a small, flexible tube temporarily placed in the ureter (the tube connecting your kidney to your bladder) to help urine drain. It's used for blockages (like kidney stones) or after surgery. You might experience flank pain, increased urgency to urinate, or blood in your urine. Staying well-hydrated helps. The stent is removed once healing occurs or the blockage resolves.

Ureteral Stent

An ileal conduit is a surgical procedure, often performed when the bladder is removed or cannot function, that creates a new way for urine to leave the body. A small piece of your small intestine (ileum) forms a channel, bringing urine from the kidneys to an opening (stoma) on your abdomen, where it collects in an external pouch. This allows your kidneys to continue functioning while providing a safe and manageable way to divert urine.

Ileal Conduit

Testicular pain is discomfort or soreness in one or both testicles. It can range from dull to sharp and may stem from various causes like injury, infection, or inflammation. Due to potential serious underlying issues, it's crucial to seek prompt medical evaluation for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care. Gentle support and rest may offer temporary relief.

Testicular pain

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is when a man has difficulty getting or keeping an erection firm enough for sexual activity. This common condition can be caused by physical factors like diabetes or heart disease, psychological stress, or lifestyle choices. Effective treatments and lifestyle changes, such as healthy diet and exercise, can often help improve ED.

Erectile dysfunction

Advanced kidney cancer means the disease has spread beyond the kidney. Symptoms can include fatigue, unexplained weight loss, or persistent pain. While causes aren't fully known, treatments often involve targeted therapies or immunotherapy to manage growth and symptoms, alongside supportive care to enhance well-being. Maintaining good nutrition and managing stress are important aspects of care.

Kidney cancer, advanced

Localized kidney cancer means abnormal cells are confined to the kidney. Often symptomless early, it can present with blood in urine or back pain. While causes aren't always clear, risk factors include smoking and obesity. Treatment usually involves surgery, and a healthy lifestyle supports recovery.

Kidney cancer, localized

Urinary diversion is a surgical procedure that creates a new path for urine to exit the body when the bladder can no longer function or has been removed. This is often necessary due to conditions like cancer, severe injury, or certain birth defects. It involves creating an opening (stoma) or an internal pouch, allowing individuals to live full, active lives with appropriate management.

Urinary Diversion

Neurogenic bladder occurs when nerve damage (e.g., from spinal cord injury, MS, or stroke) prevents the brain and bladder from communicating properly. This can lead to issues like frequent urination, incontinence, or difficulty emptying the bladder. Management focuses on symptom control and protecting kidney health through approaches like medication, catheterization, or lifestyle adjustments.

Neurogenic Bladder

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), or enlarged prostate, is a very common, non-cancerous condition where the prostate gland grows with age. This growth can press on the urethra, causing urinary symptoms like frequent urges, a weak stream, or waking up at night to urinate. It's often managed through lifestyle adjustments, medications, or, in some cases, minor procedures to help you feel more comfortable.

BPH, Enlarged Prostate

Learning about a medical condition helps you understand its common signs, potential causes, and general management approaches. Healthy lifestyle choices, such as a balanced diet and regular physical activity, can often support overall well-being and treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice and care.

General information

Nephrostomy tube care involves diligently looking after a tube placed in your kidney to drain urine, often due to a blockage or other issue. Essential for preventing infection and ensuring proper function, it includes keeping the tube site clean and secure. Watch for signs like fever, pain, unusual drainage, or reduced urine output, and promptly contact your healthcare team if any occur.

Nephrostomy Tube Care

Stoma care is the essential daily management of a surgically created opening (stoma) on the abdomen, typically for waste elimination. It involves meticulous cleaning, proper pouching, and skin protection to prevent irritation and infection. With education and routine, people with stomas can maintain a healthy, active lifestyle.

Stoma Care

Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men, affecting the walnut-sized prostate gland. Early stages often have no symptoms, though risk increases with age and family history. Treatment options vary, from active surveillance to surgery or radiation. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can be beneficial.

Prostate Cancer

The PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) test is a blood test commonly used to screen for prostate cancer. While higher PSA levels can suggest prostate cancer, they can also be due to other prostate problems. It's vital to discuss with your doctor if screening is right for you, considering your age, health, and family history, to understand potential benefits and risks.

PSA, Prostate Cancer Screening

Penile cancer is a rare cancer affecting the skin or tissues of the penis. Symptoms can include skin changes, lumps, unhealing sores, or unusual discharge. Risk factors include HPV and certain lifestyle factors; maintaining good hygiene can help. Treatment often involves surgery or radiation, and early detection is key for better outcomes.

Penile cancer

Pelvic floor dysfunction occurs when the muscles and tissues supporting your bladder, bowels, and uterus become weak, tight, or uncoordinated. This can cause symptoms like urinary leakage, constipation, or pelvic pain. Treatment often involves specialized physical therapy and lifestyle adjustments to improve muscle function and reduce discomfort.

Pelvic floor dysfunction

Kidney stones are hard deposits that form in your kidneys, often causing severe back or side pain and sometimes blood in the urine. They can be linked to dehydration or diet. While painful, many pass with increased fluids, or medical procedures may be needed for larger stones. Staying well-hydrated is crucial for prevention.

Kidney stones

Overactive Bladder (OAB) is a common condition causing a sudden, strong urge to urinate, often leading to frequent bathroom trips day and night, and sometimes accidental leakage. This occurs when the bladder muscles contract involuntarily. Lifestyle adjustments like managing fluid intake and diet, along with bladder training and various medications, can effectively help manage symptoms and improve daily life.

Overactive bladder

Hypospadias is a common birth condition where a boy's urethra (the tube carrying urine) opens on the underside of the penis, not at the tip. It occurs due to incomplete development during pregnancy. This condition is usually corrected with surgery to ensure normal function, and families should discuss care with a pediatric urologist.

Pediatrics: Hypospadias

Pediatric UPJ obstruction is a blockage at the junction where a child's kidney connects to the ureter (the tube carrying urine to the bladder). This can cause urine to back up, potentially affecting kidney function. Often detected before birth or due to symptoms like pain or UTIs, it may require monitoring or surgery to relieve the obstruction and protect kidney health.

Pediatrics: UPJ Obstruction

Nocturia is the medical term for waking up one or more times during the night specifically to urinate. This can be caused by various factors, including fluid intake patterns, medications, and underlying health conditions like bladder issues or diabetes. Managing nocturia often involves lifestyle adjustments, such as timing fluid intake, and addressing any contributing medical conditions with your healthcare provider.

Nocturia

Low testosterone (low T) occurs when your body doesn't produce enough of this key male hormone. Symptoms often include fatigue, reduced sex drive, mood changes, and decreased muscle/bone mass. Causes range from aging and health conditions to lifestyle factors; management may involve lifestyle adjustments (like diet and exercise) and, if appropriate, hormone therapy, all discussed with your doctor.

Low testosterone

Female urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine, often triggered by activities like coughing or sneezing, or a sudden, strong urge to go. It's a common condition, often related to childbirth, menopause, or age. While common, it's manageable; lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercises, and other treatments can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life.

Incontinence, female

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) is a common condition in post-menopausal women, stemming from lower estrogen, which causes symptoms like vaginal dryness, painful intercourse, and urinary changes. Effective treatments, including lubricants, moisturizers, and specific therapies, can significantly improve comfort and quality of life, with staying well-hydrated also being helpful.

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM)

Chronic pelvic pain is ongoing discomfort in your lower abdomen or pelvis, lasting six months or more. It can arise from various sources like gynecological conditions, bladder issues, or muscle problems, often impacting daily life. Management typically involves a combination of therapies and lifestyle adjustments, emphasizing the importance of working with healthcare providers to find relief.

Chronic pelvic pain

Cancer is a disease where the body's cells grow abnormally and uncontrollably. Symptoms vary widely depending on the type and location, but common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. While causes are complex, healthy lifestyle choices like diet and exercise can influence risk and overall health.

Cancer basics

Blood in the urine, or hematuria, means blood is present, either visible (pink/red/brown) or microscopic. While often caused by treatable conditions like infections or kidney stones, it's crucial to see a doctor to identify the underlying cause and determine the best approach. Staying well-hydrated can sometimes help prevent certain contributing factors.

Blood in the urine

Bladder cancer occurs when abnormal cells form in your bladder's lining. The most common symptom is blood in urine, sometimes with frequent or painful urination. Smoking is a key cause, along with certain chemical exposures. Treatment options often include surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the cancer stage. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, especially quitting smoking, is important for prevention and management.

Bladder cancer

Cooper Benson

Board Certified by the American Board of Urology

Surgery (Urology)

Genitourinary Trauma and Reconstructive Urology

Cancer conditions affecting the bladder, the organ storing urine.

Conditions affecting your bladder, kidneys, and how you urinate.

Bladder and Urinary Issues

Diseases where body cells grow abnormally and can spread.

Cancer

Conditions where your body bleeds too easily or can't stop bleeding.

Bleeding Concerns

Problems that stop urine from flowing freely from your kidneys, bladder, or tubes.

Blockages in the Urinary Tract

Prostate problems that affect men's urination and health.

Prostate Conditions

Everyday health, wellness tips, and understanding how to manage your care.

General Health & Patient Education

Kidney Cancer

Cancers that start in the prostate gland, a male reproductive organ.

Conditions that cause pain, aches, soreness, or general unease.

Pain and discomfort

Problems with bladder, bowel, pain, or pelvic organ support.

Pelvic Floor & Pelvic Health

Conditions affecting male organs, fertility, and sexual health.

Men's Reproductive Health

Health conditions affecting sex organs, fertility, & sexual well-being.

Sexual and Reproductive Health

Infections affecting your urinary tract, bladder, and private areas.

Urinary & Intimate Infections

Health issues impacting women's bodies and well-being, including reproductive health.

Women's Health

Conditions causing accidental urine leakage or loss of bladder control.

Urinary Incontinence

Conditions from hard, stone-like deposits in kidneys and urinary tract.

Kidney Stones

Conditions affecting your kidneys and the tubes that carry urine.

Kidney & Ureter Conditions

Conditions affecting male and female reproductive organs and private areas.

Genital Conditions

Urinary and genital issues in babies, children, and teenagers.

Pediatric Urology Conditions

Tests to find what's wrong or to check for health problems.

Screening and Diagnostic Procedures

Bladder problems preventing normal urine flow, requiring a new way for urine to exit the body.

Health issues treated by operations and care for healing.

Surgical and Post-Surgical Care

Conditions that don't fit into other main groups. A mixed collection of health issues.

Other

Medical procedures are planned steps healthcare professionals take to diagnose, treat, or manage various health conditions. These can include diagnostic tests like imaging, therapeutic interventions, or surgical operations, all aimed at improving your health.

Cooper Benson, MD

Scrotal conditions

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